What is the spread of AIDS?

Source of infection: AIDS patients and HIV carriers. HIV exists in the body fluids of infected tissues and organs, infected blood, semen, vaginal fluid, milk, wound exudate contains a large number of AIDS virus, highly contagious. Tears, saliva, sweat, urine, feces, and so is not mixed with blood and inflammatory exudate of the few with such a virus, not infectious. Route of transmission: 1. Sexual contact and contact with the spread of HIV-infected people found in semen and vaginal secretions through sexual intercourse (including normal sexual intercourse, anal and oral sex) among men in a way, the spread between men and women. Worldwide, HIV infections every 10 adults in 9 of the infection is spread through sexual intercourse, more sexual partners, HIV risk is greater. People suffering from sexually transmitted diseases and HIV transmission during sex is easy on the AIDS virus. Sexual contact is the main way of HIV infection. Whether in homosexual or heterosexual intercourse in, HIV transmission can occur. Worldwide, HIV mostly through heterosexual contact. In the adult rate of HIV transmission as follows: transmission rate of the spread of the opposite sex 71% of the spread of homosexuality spread of 15% of intravenous drug users 7% of the blood of other reasons for the spread of 5% to 2% of the unknown in North America and Europe, gay men's sexual contact -- - Anal intercourse is the main mode of transmission of the disease. Gay and bisexual men are infected with HIV constitute the most important groups. In the early 80's was found in the United States focused on AIDS patients in male homosexuals. Male anal sex between homosexuals is likely to result in the rectum and anal mucosa trauma, which opened the AIDS virus into the blood channel for a large number of HIV with the semen prior to ejaculation and male secretions through damaged mucosa into the blood circulation. In addition male homosexuals regular exchange of sexual partners, and some dozens or hundreds of gay sexual partners, increasing the HIV infection. In Africa and Latin America and Southeast Asia, the vast majority of AIDS through heterosexual contact, sexual intercourse and vaginal infections. AIDS prevalence rate for men and women in the sex ratio of 1:1. In the heterosexual spread of HIV can be divided into male or female → F → M 2 ways. 2 This way, men and women → dissemination of the dangers of female than male → spread. Semen and cervical fluid secretion can be with HIV, from the anatomical analysis of the fluid can remain in the body of women, not men in the body, the semen and cervical fluid exchange resulting in the spread of men and women → more effective. In some countries in Africa after the death of a husband, wife by the husband's brother inherited customs, and its purpose is to prevent the loss of family property. But the succession in the current prosperity of the AIDS epidemic in Africa, the succession of his brother's wife also inherited a fatal dowry, that is, the AIDS virus. HIV-positive wife and the virus can be passed on to the husband's brother, so in Africa, men and women → → men and women are important route of transmission. Prostitution and prostitution in the spread of AIDS on to play an important role. Clients of the HIV virus to be prostitutes, and then spread to other prostitutes and clients. If you have a merger of sexually transmitted diseases, the spread of HIV opportunities can be greatly increased, erosion and ulceration of the genital opening of the virus into the blood circulation of the channel, genital ulcers of the party more vulnerable to HIV infection. In Southeast Asia, the spread of acts of prostitution, so that the rapid spread of HIV infection. For example, in Thailand since 1990, HIV infection rates increasing at an alarming rate. In addition to the bisexual male sexual partners for men with high-risk, female sex partners of the existence of a high level of danger. Many bisexual people are married, may often prostitutes, and those of the opposite sex or marriage with heterosexual sexual contact with bisexual, gay people may spread into the heterosexual population lovers. Therefore, homosexual and bisexual men in heterosexual sexual transmission of HIV have an important role. And the spread of HIV mainly through anal sex is sex and vaginal intercourse, oral sex spread of the HIV cases reported very few are considered low-risk sexual behavior. But if there is erosion or ulceration of oral mucosa, oral sex increased the risk of spread of HIV. 2. By blood-borne mainly by entering the AIDS virus by contaminated blood and blood products or by the use of the AIDS virus without pollution and strict disinfection of syringes, needles and spread. Can also be contaminated through the use of strict disinfection and not the needle-tattoo, body piercing, acupuncture, and the sharing of infected patients and razor, toothbrush and so on the spread. HIV has been sharing contaminated injection equipment, imported by HIV through contaminated blood or blood components, the transplant was HIV contamination of tissues, organs and so on, belong to the spread of blood. In the United States and Western Europe through intravenous drug users infected with HIV to become the second major part in a number of provinces and cities in southern China, spread by intravenous drug use is one of the main ways AIDS. The spread of HIV due to sharing of blood contaminated needles, syringes and the injectable portable appliances. At the same time addict is more sexually active groups, many of which are infected with HIV because of sexual Suozhi. He (she) who sell sex or prostitution, in exchange for money or drugs. Studies have found that the general conditions in the hospital, was the use of HIV contaminated needles and needle, piercing the skin and a simple one-time probability of HIV infection to 0.3 percent. Intravenous drug users often repeatedly pumping blood to the tube Chongjing drugs, HIV-contaminated blood on the needle left in the tube. General at room temperature in the blood of HIV can survive 15d, other drug use of contaminated syringes when infected. As with the increase in the number of syringe sharing, the risk of HIV infection has increased. On the other hand, often after the drug increased the desire of sexual contact, if sexual favors in exchange for drugs, will further increase the risk of HIV infection. Through blood or blood components in the early AIDS epidemic is a major route of transmission is one. With the development of modern medicine, blood transfusion or blood products more widely applied, through blood transfusion and blood products to save the lives of countless patients, but if you lose by HIV through contaminated blood or blood products that will be entered into the HIV blood Cycle. Blood components such as the concentration factor V Ⅲ agents from many donor plasma extracted, so have a greater chance of contamination of HIV. Donors in the United States about 6% with HIV, it is produced by the United States in the early 80's enrichment factor V Ⅲ agent in patients with hemophilia around the world in the cause of infection. France has been a central HIV contaminated blood led to thousands of AIDS infection in healthy recipients of these painful lessons have to police a long time. Developed countries now have strengthened the prosecution's blood screening, China has been strengthening the blood and blood products management. If the donor infected with HIV, when the blood supply in the window period, then could not HIV antibodies. Yet not all donor HIV antigen detection, because detection of HIV antigen complex equipment, and expensive. In view of this, to strengthen and perfect the system of screening the blood supply is very important, blood transfusion and blood products must be careful. Organ transplant technology is an important development of modern medicine, many end-stage heart, lung, liver, kidneys and other organs of the disease through organ transplant patients can receive the new, but the loss of the organ offer a potential danger to those who carry out organ donation Conventional HIV antibody testing may be significantly reduced as a result of organ transplant spread HIV. U.S. Centers for Disease Control reported cases of excessive acceptance of kidney, liver, bone marrow transplantation, and other persons infected with HIV. These iatrogenic transmission, HIV prevalence is still in the developed countries gradually reduced. Despite the adoption of the mode of transmission of the disease have been very low, but has a great impact as it relates to public health problems. 3. Mother is a mother to child transmission of infection or AIDS, pregnancy, childbirth or through the blood-through post-natal breast-AIDS virus to the fetus or newborn. Have been infected with the AIDS virus, the woman has a child 1 / 3 may be infected with HIV from the mother. Most of the children with HIV will die before the age of 3. Vertical transmission from mothers to children of AIDS was first reported in 1982. This spread may occur in the uterine cavity, may occur in the course of childbirth and post-natal breast-feeding with HIV through breast milk to their babies. HIV can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. Studies have proved that 8 weeks of pregnancy can be aborted fetus isolated from HIV. The mother of Fetus transmission rate of HIV infection in mothers decide the size of the stage of development and immune function, such as the number of T4 cells, and so on. Fetus in the womb HIV infection, will have an impact on embryonic development, and therefore easy for a miscarriage or a baby born has developed into AIDS. Fetus in the womb by HIV infection in the earlier time, the more prone to miscarriage or affect fetal development. The fetus was born after the AIDS-related symptoms sooner, the shorter survival time. Zambia in Ndola Pediatric Hospital-1993-year period 1989-1993 a total of 265 cases of neonatal treatment of HIV / AIDS patients, of whom 86 percent were born in the first 3 weeks after onset, including sepsis, bronchitis, skin damage and the depth of jaundice, 74.5 % Born in the three months after the death. At the age of 1 month of neonatal morbidity, in general do not survive more than 6 months. Mother to child transmission can occur in vaginal childbirth, the fetus in the birth process, if the skin and mucous membrane injury, the mother of HIV in the blood of babies Injury wound through the blood circulation into the baby. Studies have reported C-section to reduce HIV infection in mothers of babies spread. HIV infection in the mother's milk can be isolated from the virus, can spread HIV to breast-feeding infants. It is reported the mother of a post-natal blood transfusion infected with HIV, the baby sucking its milk for 6 months after the infected HIV. But is infected with HIV through breast-feeding the probability of how much is not clear. U.S. health authorities have been advised to HIV-infected mothers do not breast-feeding. Many countries in Africa, due to backward economic conditions, do not have enough breast-milk substitutes, to stop breast-feeding will be severe malnutrition, HIV infection faster than endanger the survival of babies, so many countries in Africa for HIV-infected mothers are still Promotion of breast-feeding. The prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among the measures to persuade the HIV-infected women not to fertility, pregnancy was found to termination of pregnancy. Prenatal infection because HIV, the majority of birth in the 3-year-old with the death of the infant immune to survive will become a chronic illness of children and mothers of the orphans have lost. Here is faced with many ethical, moral and emotional, and many other issues.